See 無明 on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "無明"
},
"expansion": "無明",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "無明",
"2": "むみょう",
"gloss": "",
"pos": ""
},
"expansion": "無明(むみょう) (mumyō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "무명(無明)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "無明",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"pos": "",
"pos2": "",
"pos3": "",
"pos4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 무명(無明) (mumyeong)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "vô minh",
"bor": "1",
"id": "無明",
"pos": "",
"t": "",
"tr": "無明"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: vô minh (無明)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "無明",
"2": "むみょう",
"3": "무명",
"4": "vô minh",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "無明",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "無明",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "無明",
"v": "無明",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (無明):\n* → Japanese: 無明(むみょう) (mumyō)\n* → Korean: 무명(無明) (mumyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: vô minh (無明)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "むみょう",
"3": "무명",
"4": "vô minh"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (無明):\n* → Japanese: 無明(むみょう) (mumyō)\n* → Korean: 무명(無明) (mumyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: vô minh (無明)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (無明):\n* → Japanese: 無明(むみょう) (mumyō)\n* → Korean: 무명(無明) (mumyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: vô minh (無明)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "; ignorant; unintelligent",
"forms": [
{
"form": "无明",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "無明",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"unable to see; blind"
],
"id": "en-無明-zh-adj-c8UlRUih",
"links": [
[
"unable",
"unable"
],
[
"see",
"see"
],
[
"blind",
"blind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) unable to see; blind"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Buddhism",
"orig": "zh:Buddhism",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ignorant; unintelligent"
],
"id": "en-無明-zh-adj-MA97jOpR",
"links": [
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"ignorant",
"ignorant"
],
[
"unintelligent",
"unintelligent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Buddhism) ignorant; unintelligent"
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wúmíng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "mou⁴ ming⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mò-mìn"
},
{
"zh-pron": "bû-bêng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wúmíng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wúmíng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wu²-ming²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wú-míng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wuming"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "умин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "umin"
},
{
"ipa": "/u³⁵ miŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "mou⁴ ming⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "mòuh mìhng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mou⁴ ming⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "mou⁴ ming⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/mou̯²¹ mɪŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mò-mìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mo^ˇ min^ˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mo² min²"
},
{
"ipa": "/mo¹¹ min¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bû-bêng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bû-bîng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "bu'beeng"
},
{
"ipa": "/bu²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bu²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bu¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bu²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bu²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "mju mjaeng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*ma|mo mraŋ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*ma mraŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/u³⁵ miŋ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mou̯²¹ mɪŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mo¹¹ min¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bu²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bu²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bu¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bu²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bu²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/"
},
{
"other": "/*ma|mo mraŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/*ma mraŋ/"
}
],
"word": "無明"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "zh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinese",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Chinese. See there for more.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "無明",
"ruby": [
[
"無",
"む"
],
[
"明",
"みょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "mumyō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "むみょう"
},
"expansion": "無(む)明(みょう) • (mumyō)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Buddhism",
"orig": "ja:Buddhism",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "ja:Religion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"avidyā: unenlightenment, ignorance of nirvana and of the fundamental state of existence"
],
"id": "en-無明-ja-noun-JHBcUuw5",
"links": [
[
"religion",
"religion"
],
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"avidyā",
"avidyā"
],
[
"unenlightenment",
"unenlightenment"
],
[
"ignorance",
"ignorance"
],
[
"nirvana",
"nirvana"
],
[
"fundamental",
"fundamental"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(religion, Buddhism): avidyā: unenlightenment, ignorance of nirvana and of the fundamental state of existence"
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"word": "無明"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "mumyeong",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "무명",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hangeul": "무명"
},
"expansion": "無明 • (mumyeong) (hangeul 무명)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "avidyā: unenlightenment, ignorance of nirvana and of the fundamental state of existence",
"word": "무명"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 무명 (“avidyā: unenlightenment, ignorance of nirvana and of the fundamental state of existence”)"
],
"id": "en-無明-ko-noun-hldmlanu",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"무명",
"무명#Korean"
],
[
"avidyā",
"avidyā"
],
[
"unenlightenment",
"unenlightenment"
],
[
"ignorance",
"ignorance"
],
[
"nirvana",
"nirvana"
],
[
"fundamental",
"fundamental"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "無明"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "無明",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
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"name": "vi-noun"
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],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of vô minh (“avidyā: unenlightenment, ignorance of nirvana and of the fundamental state of existence”)."
],
"id": "en-無明-vi-noun-JguhWrr1",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"vô minh",
"vô minh#Vietnamese:_無明"
],
[
"avidyā",
"avidyā"
],
[
"unenlightenment",
"unenlightenment"
],
[
"ignorance",
"ignorance"
],
[
"nirvana",
"nirvana"
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[
"fundamental",
"fundamental"
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[
"existence",
"existence"
]
]
}
],
"word": "無明"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 明",
"Chinese terms spelled with 無",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese adjectives",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese adjectives",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "無明"
},
"expansion": "無明",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "無明",
"2": "むみょう",
"gloss": "",
"pos": ""
},
"expansion": "無明(むみょう) (mumyō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "무명(無明)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "無明",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"pos": "",
"pos2": "",
"pos3": "",
"pos4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 무명(無明) (mumyeong)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "vô minh",
"bor": "1",
"id": "無明",
"pos": "",
"t": "",
"tr": "無明"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: vô minh (無明)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "無明",
"2": "むみょう",
"3": "무명",
"4": "vô minh",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "無明",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "無明",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "無明",
"v": "無明",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (無明):\n* → Japanese: 無明(むみょう) (mumyō)\n* → Korean: 무명(無明) (mumyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: vô minh (無明)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "むみょう",
"3": "무명",
"4": "vô minh"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (無明):\n* → Japanese: 無明(むみょう) (mumyō)\n* → Korean: 무명(無明) (mumyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: vô minh (無明)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (無明):\n* → Japanese: 無明(むみょう) (mumyō)\n* → Korean: 무명(無明) (mumyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: vô minh (無明)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "; ignorant; unintelligent",
"forms": [
{
"form": "无明",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "無明",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"unable to see; blind"
],
"links": [
[
"unable",
"unable"
],
[
"see",
"see"
],
[
"blind",
"blind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) unable to see; blind"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"zh:Buddhism"
],
"glosses": [
"ignorant; unintelligent"
],
"links": [
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"ignorant",
"ignorant"
],
[
"unintelligent",
"unintelligent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Buddhism) ignorant; unintelligent"
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wúmíng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "mou⁴ ming⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mò-mìn"
},
{
"zh-pron": "bû-bêng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wúmíng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wúmíng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wu²-ming²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wú-míng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wuming"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "умин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "umin"
},
{
"ipa": "/u³⁵ miŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "mou⁴ ming⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "mòuh mìhng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mou⁴ ming⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "mou⁴ ming⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/mou̯²¹ mɪŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mò-mìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mo^ˇ min^ˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mo² min²"
},
{
"ipa": "/mo¹¹ min¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bû-bêng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bû-bîng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "bu'beeng"
},
{
"ipa": "/bu²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bu²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bu¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bu²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bu²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "mju mjaeng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*ma|mo mraŋ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*ma mraŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/u³⁵ miŋ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mou̯²¹ mɪŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mo¹¹ min¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bu²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bu²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bu¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bu²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bu²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/"
},
{
"other": "/*ma|mo mraŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/*ma mraŋ/"
}
],
"word": "無明"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "zh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinese",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Chinese. See there for more.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "無明",
"ruby": [
[
"無",
"む"
],
[
"明",
"みょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "mumyō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "むみょう"
},
"expansion": "無(む)明(みょう) • (mumyō)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Buddhism",
"ja:Religion"
],
"glosses": [
"avidyā: unenlightenment, ignorance of nirvana and of the fundamental state of existence"
],
"links": [
[
"religion",
"religion"
],
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"avidyā",
"avidyā"
],
[
"unenlightenment",
"unenlightenment"
],
[
"ignorance",
"ignorance"
],
[
"nirvana",
"nirvana"
],
[
"fundamental",
"fundamental"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(religion, Buddhism): avidyā: unenlightenment, ignorance of nirvana and of the fundamental state of existence"
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"word": "無明"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "mumyeong",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "무명",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hangeul": "무명"
},
"expansion": "無明 • (mumyeong) (hangeul 무명)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "avidyā: unenlightenment, ignorance of nirvana and of the fundamental state of existence",
"word": "무명"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 무명 (“avidyā: unenlightenment, ignorance of nirvana and of the fundamental state of existence”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"무명",
"무명#Korean"
],
[
"avidyā",
"avidyā"
],
[
"unenlightenment",
"unenlightenment"
],
[
"ignorance",
"ignorance"
],
[
"nirvana",
"nirvana"
],
[
"fundamental",
"fundamental"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "無明"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "無明",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "無明",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of vô minh (“avidyā: unenlightenment, ignorance of nirvana and of the fundamental state of existence”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"vô minh",
"vô minh#Vietnamese:_無明"
],
[
"avidyā",
"avidyā"
],
[
"unenlightenment",
"unenlightenment"
],
[
"ignorance",
"ignorance"
],
[
"nirvana",
"nirvana"
],
[
"fundamental",
"fundamental"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
]
]
}
],
"word": "無明"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 無明 meaning in All languages combined (9.6kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
"無明"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "無明",
"trace": "started on line 20, detected on line 20"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"無明"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "無明",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"無明"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "無明",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"無明"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "無明",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (58c391d and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.